Prevalence and Serotyping of Salmonella in Retail Food in Huzhou China.

Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens. A total of 70-80% of bacterial food poisoning is caused by Salmonella in China. From 2015 to 2023, a total of 1945 samples in 6 food categories were collected in Huzhou for monitoring of Salmonella. Epidemiological analysis, serotyping, and antibiotic sensitivity testing were conducted on isolated Salmonella. Ninety Salmonella strains were detected from 1945 samples, and the total detection rate was 4.63%. Among all kinds of food, the detection rate of Salmonella in raw animal meat (8.93%) and raw poultry meat (8.54%) was the highest. Salmonella had also been detected in ready-to-eat foods (bulk cooked meat, Chinese cold dishes) and emerging food categories (seasoned raw meat and premade dishes). A total of 24 serotypes of Salmonella were detected, of which the dominant serotype was Salmonella Typhimurium. The serotypes of Salmonella detected in different types of food were different. The results showed that the isolates had strong resistance to ampicillin (AMP) and tetracycline (TET).

A single-building damage detection model based on multi-feature fusion: A case study in Yangbi.

Accurate and effective identification, determination of the location, and classification of damaged buildings are essential after destructive earthquakes. However, the accuracy of image change detection is limited because of the many texture features and changes in non-building information. In this context, a model for single-building damage detection based on multi-feature fusion is proposed. First, the normalized Digital Surface Model (nDSM) was extracted from the DSM through iterative filtering and point cloud thinning, followed by the extraction of building contour information. Next, single-building images were generated from different data sources through the region of interest (ROI), and the optimal texture feature parameters were extracted for fusion. Afterward, principal-component analysis (PCA) was conducted to suppress multi-feature correlation-induced information redundancy. Finally, the damage to buildings was quantitatively evaluated, and the model was compared with 13 models. The results confirmed the practicability of the model for the Yangbi MS6.4 and Honghe MS5.0 earthquakes.

Pathogenic characteristics of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus which caused a gastroenteritis outbreak event in Huzhou.

The pathogenic characteristics of V. parahaemolyticus isolated from a gastroenteritis outbreak event in Deqing County of Huzhou City in 2022 were analyzed. Pathogen detection was performed on 30 anal swabs (26 patients, 1 chef and 3 waiters). The isolates of V. parahaemolyticus were analyzed by serum typing, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) molecular typing, multiplex fluorescent PCR detection of tdh/trh virulence gene and drug sensitivity test. 15 patients were positive for V. parahaemolyticus, 1 patient was positive for V. parahaemolyticus and Enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), 1 patient was positive for EAEC, and the chef was positive for EAEC. The serotype test results of the 16 V. parahaemolyticus were 14 O4:KUT and 2 O10:K4. All samples were negative for other tested bacteria. All V. parahaemolyticus strains were positive for tdh genes and negative for trh gene. The 16 isolates were 100% resistant to ampicillin (AMP), and sensitive to the other12 antibiotics. From the results of serotype and PFGE, the V. parahaemolyticus strains with two serotypes are clustered into two branches according to their serotypes. The three EAEC strains were non-homologous. In conclusion, we detected V. parahaemolyticus and EAEC from an outbreak of gastroenteritis. And V. parahaemolyticus with two serotypes may be the cause of this event, according to the traceability results.

Safety and immunogenicity of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine CS-2034: A randomized, double-blind, dose-exploration, placebo-controlled multicenter Phase I clinical trial in healthy Chinese adults.

BACKGROUND: The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the infection of a novel coronavirus known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has resulted in millions of deaths. We aimed to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (CS-2034, CanSino, Shanghai, China) in adults without COVID-19 infection from China. METHOD: This is a multicenter Phase I clinical trial with a randomized, double-blinded, dose-exploration, placebo-controlled design. The trial recruited 40 seronegative participants aged 18-59 years who had neither received any COVID-19 vaccine nor been infected before. They were divided into a low-dose group (administered with either the CS-2034 vaccine containing 30 µg of mRNA or a placebo of 0.3 ml type 5 adenovirus vector) and a high-dose group (administered with either the CS-2034 vaccine containing 50 µg of mRNA or a placebo of 0.5 ml type 5 adenovirus vector). Participants were randomly assigned in a 3:1 ratio to receive either the mRNA vaccine or a placebo on days 0 and 21 according to a two-dose immunization schedule. The first six participants in each dosage group were assigned as sentinel subjects. Participants were sequentially enrolled in a dose-escalation manner from low to high dose and from sentinel to non-sentinel subjects. Blood samples were collected from all participants on the day before the first dose (Day 0), the day before the second dose (day 21), 14 days after the second dose (day 35), and 28 days after the second dose (day 49) to evaluate the immunogenicity of the CS-2034 vaccine. Participants were monitored for safety throughout the 28-day follow-up period, including solicited adverse events, unsolicited adverse events, adverse events of special interest (AESI), and medically attended adverse events (MAE). This report focuses solely on the safety and immunogenicity analysis of adult participants aged 18-59 years, while the long-term phase of the study is still ongoing. This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05373485. FINDINGS: During the period from May 17, 2022, to August 8, 2022, a total of 155 participants aged 18-59 years were screened for this study. Among them, 115 participants failed the screening process, and 40 participants were randomly enrolled (15 in the low-dose group, 15 in the high-dose group, and 10 in the placebo group). Throughout the 28-day follow-up period, the overall incidence of adverse reactions (related to vaccine administration) in the low-dose group, high-dose group, and placebo group was 93.33% (14/15), 100.00% (15/15), and 80.00% (8/10), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of local adverse reactions (soreness, pruritus, swelling at the injection site) among the low-dose group, high-dose group, and placebo group (P = 0.002). All adverse reactions were mainly of severity grade 1 (mild) or 2 (moderate), and no adverse events of severity grade 4 or higher occurred. Based on the analysis of Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain (S-RBD) IgG antibodies against the BA.1 strain, the seroconversion rates of antibodies at day 21 after the first dose were 86.67%, 93.33%, and 0.00% in the low-dose group, high-dose group, and placebo group, respectively. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of antibodies was 61.2(95%CI 35.3-106.2), 55.4(95%CI 36.3-84.4), and 15.0(95%CI 15.0-15.0), and the geometric mean fold increase (GMI) was 4.08(95%CI 2.35-7.08), 3.69(95%CI 2.42-5.63), and 1.00(95%CI 1.00-1.00) for each group. At day 28 after the full vaccination, the seroconversion rates of antibodies were 100.00%, 93.33%, and 0.00%, and the GMT of antibodies was 810.0(95%CI 511.4-1283.0), 832.2(95%CI 368.1-1881.6), and 15.0(95%CI 15.0-15.0), and the GMI was 54.00(95%CI 34.09-85.53), 55.48(95%CI 24.54-125.44), and 1.00(95%CI 1.00-1.00) for each group, respectively. Based on the analysis of CD3+/CD4+ cell cytokine response, the percentages of IL-2+, IL-4+, IFN-γ+, and TNF-α+ cells increased after 14 days and 28 days of full vaccination in both the low-dose group and high-dose group. The increase was most pronounced in the high-dose group. INTERPRETATION: At day 28 after the full vaccination, both the low-dose and the high-dose CS-2034 vaccine were able to induce the production of high titers of S-RBD IgG antibodies against the BA.1 strain. Adverse reactions in the low-dose and high-dose groups were mainly of severity grade 1 or 2, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified. These findings support further development of this vaccine.

Clinical, Imaging Characteristics and Outcome of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Caused by Structural Vascular Lesions.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical, imaging, and outcome characteristics of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) caused by structural vascular lesions. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from a prospective observational cohort study of patients with spontaneous ICH admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University between May 2016 and April 2021. Good outcome was defined as modified Rankin Scale score of 0-3 at 3 months. The clinical and imaging characteristics were compared between primary ICH and ICH caused by structural vascular lesions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to test the associations of etiology with clinical outcome. RESULTS: All patients enrolled in this study were Asian. Compared with patients with primary ICH, those with structural vascular lesions were younger (48 vs. 62 years, P < 0.001), had a lower incidence of hypertension (26.4% vs. 81.7%, P < 0.001) and diabetes (7.4% vs. 16.2%, P = 0.003), and had mostly lobar hemorrhages (49.1% vs. 22.8%). ICH from structural vascular lesions had smaller baseline hematoma volume (8.4 ml vs. 13.8 ml, P = 0.010), had lower mortality rate at 30 days and 3 months (5.8% vs. 12.0%, P = 0.020; 6.7% vs. 14.8%, P = 0.007), and are associated with better functional outcome at 3 months (88% vs.70.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with primary ICH, ICH due to vascular lesions has smaller hematoma volume and less severe neurological deficit at presentation and better functional outcomes.

Genomic characterization of Campylobacter isolates in Huzhou, China.

Campylobacter is a major foodborne pathogen that causes outbreaks and sporadic gastrointestinal disease, creating a serious disease burden. Campylobacter strains isolated from diarrhea cases (n = 11) and raw poultry meat products (n = 2) in Huzhou, including 11 Campylobacter jejuni and 2 Campylobacter coli strains, were subjected to virulence gene, drug resistance gene, genetic correlation, antibiotic resistance, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analyses. The 13 Campylobacter isolates were divided into 12 sequence types (STs), one of which was a new ST. The isolated strains contain multiple virulence-related genes. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that the resistance rate of the 13 isolates to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline was 92.3%. Genome sequencing indicated that all 11 strains of C. jejuni carried the tet(O) and blaOXA resistance genes, and 2 strains of C. coli carried multiple drug resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis based on core-genome single-nucleotide polymorphisms indicated that the 11 C. jejuni isolates from diarrhea patients and food sources are not closely phylogenetically related.

Global trade networks bring targeted opportunity for energy-related CH4 emission mitigation.

Recent literature highlights the contributions the global energy sector has made to anthropogenic CH4 emissions, calling for immediate action. However, extant studies have failed to reveal the energy-related CH4 emissions induced by global trades of intermediate and final commodities or services. This paper traces fugitive CH4 emissions via global trade networks using the multi-regional input-output and complex network models. Results show that approximately four-fifths of global fugitive CH4 emissions in 2014 were associated with international trade, of which 83.07% and 16.93% were embodied in the intermediate and final trades, respectively. Japan, India, the USA, South Korea, and Germany were the world's five largest net importers of embodied fugitive CH4 emissions, while Indonesia, Russia, Nigeria, Qatar, and Iran were the five largest net exporters. Gas-related embodied emission transfers were the largest in both the intermediate and the final trade networks. The fugitive CH4 emissions embodied within the intermediate and final trade networks were all characterized by five trading communities. The virtual fugitive CH4 emission transfers via intermediate trade were largely determined by global energy trade patterns, especially the trade in regionally integrated crude oil and natural gas. Significant heterogeneity was revealed by the coexistence of numerous loosely linked economies and several hub economies (e.g., China, Germany, the USA, and South Africa). Interventions on the demand side of interregional and intraregional trade partners in different communities and hub economies will bring targeted opportunities for global energy-related CH4 emission reduction.

The Association between Serum Chemerin and Peritoneal Membrane Transport Function in Patients Undergoing Incident Peritoneal Dialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

INTRODUCTION: Some biomarkers in drained dialyzate or peritoneal membrane have been found related to the dialyzate/plasma ratio of creatinine at 4 h (D/P Cr) in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD). But so far, there is no report on serum markers. Some biomarkers are associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Chemerin is a multifunctional chemoattractant adipokine which plays important roles in inflammation, adipogenesis, and metabolism. We intended to investigate the role of chemerin in the peritoneal membrane transport function and CVDs in incident PD patients. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was conducted in our PD center. The patients underwent initial standardized peritoneal equilibration test after PD for 4-6 weeks. Level of serum chemerin was determined via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The patients' CVDs were recorded during the follow-up period. RESULTS: 151 eligible patients with a mean age of 46.59 ± 13.52 years were enrolled, and the median duration of PD was 25.0 months. The median concentration of serum chemerin was 29.09 ng/mL. Baseline D/P Cr was positively correlated with serum chemerin (r = 0.244, p = 0.003). The multivariate analyses revealed that serum chemerin (p = 0.002), age (p = 0.041), albumin (p = 0.000), and high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.022) were independent factors of D/P Cr. The serum chemerin level was significantly higher in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients than that of patients without DM (36.45 ng/mL vs. 27.37 ng/mL, p = 0.000), and there was a significant statistical difference in CVDs between the high chemerin group (≥29.09 ng/mL) and low chemerin group (<29.09 ng/mL) (42 vs. 21%, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Serum chemerin has a positive correlation with baseline D/P Cr in incident PD patients. It may be a biomarker that can predict the baseline transport function of the peritoneal membrane, and serum chemerin may be a risk factor of CVDs for incident PD patients. Multicenter studies with a larger sample size are warranted in the future.

CD24-Fc suppression of immune related adverse events in a therapeutic cancer vaccine model of murine neuroblastoma.

Introduction: The combination of Myc-suppressed whole tumor cells with checkpoint inhibitors targeting CTLA-4 and PD-L1 generates a potent therapeutic cancer vaccine in a mouse neuroblastoma model. As immunotherapies translate from pre-clinical to clinical trials, the potential immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated with induction of potent immunity must be addressed. The CD24-Siglec 10/G interaction is an innate checkpoint that abrogates inflammatory responses to molecules released by damaged cells, but its role in cancer immunology is not well defined. We investigate irAEs of an effective whole cell neuroblastoma vaccine and subsequently the effect of CD24-Fc, a CD24 and Fc fusion protein, on both the vaccine efficacy and induced irAEs in a mouse neuroblastoma model. Methods: To test whether the whole tumor cell vaccination leads to autoimmune responses in other organ systems we harvested lung, heart, kidney and colon from naïve mice (n=3), unvaccinated tumor only mice (n=3), and vaccinated mice with CD24 Fc (n=12) or human IgG-Fc control (n=12) after tumor inoculation and vaccination therapy at day 30. The Immune cell infiltrates and immunogenic pathway signatures in different organ systems were investigated using NanoString Autoimmune Profiling arrays. Nanostring RNA transcript results were validated with immunohistochemistry staining. Results: The whole tumor cell vaccine combined with immune checkpoint therapy triggers occult organ specific immune cell infiltrates, primarily in cardiac tissue and to a lesser extent in the renal and lung tissue, but not in the colon. CD24-Fc administration with vaccination partially impedes anti-tumor immunity but delaying CD24-Fc administration after initial vaccination reverses this effect. CD24-Fc treatment also ameliorates the autoimmune response induced by effective tumor vaccination in the heart. Discussion: This study illustrates that the combination of Myc suppressed whole tumor cell vaccination with checkpoint inhibitors is an effective therapy, but occult immune infiltrates are induced in several organ systems in a mouse neuroblastoma model. The systemic administration of CD24-Fc suppresses autoimmune tissue responses, but appropriate timing of administration is critical for maintaining efficacy of the therapeutic vaccine.

The role and mechanism of the gut microbiota in the development and treatment of diabetic kidney disease.

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Increasing evidence suggested that the gut microbiota participates in the progression of DKD, which is involved in insulin resistance, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, oxidative stress, inflammation and immunity. Gut microbiota-targeted therapies including dietary fiber, supplementation with probiotics or prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and diabetic agents that modulate the gut microbiota, such as metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, and sodium-glucose transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the most important findings about the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of DKD and the application of gut microbiota-targeted therapies.

Randomized controlled trial for anesthesia during gastroscopy: interactions between remimazolam and propofol in combination with sufentanil.

BACKGROUND: Remimazolam is a new short-duration anesthetic currently used for gastroscopy and can be mixed with propofol and potent opioids. AIM: The study aimed to investigate the synergistic interaction between remimazolam and propofol after sufentanil administration and to determine the appropriate dose ratios between remimazolam and propofol. METHOD: This study used a randomized controlled design. Patients scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopy were included and randomized into five groups. The randomized block design was applied at a randomization ratio of 1:1. Patients in each group received sufentanil (0.1 µg/kg) and the calculated doses of remimazolam and propofol. Using the up and down method, the median effective dose (ED50) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined based on whether the eyelash reflex disappeared in each treatment group. Isobolographic analysis was used to analyze the presence of drug interactions. The interaction coefficient and the dose ratio between remimazolam and propofol were calculated by algebraic analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using interval estimates and 95% CI for statistical attributes. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analysis of the isobologram showed a clinically significant synergistic effect between remimazolam and propofol. When 0.016, 0.032, and 0.047 mg/kg of remimazolam were combined with 0.477, 0.221, and 0.131 mg/kg of propofol, the interaction coefficients were 1.04, 1.21, and 1.06, respectively. The dose ratio of remimazolam to propofol was approximately 1:7. CONCLUSION: Remimazolam and propofol have synergistic clinical effects. A strong synergistic effect was observed when the remimazolam and propofol dose ratio was 1:7 (mg/kg). CLINICAL TRIAL: The study protocol was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2100052425).

The ectonucleotidases CD39 and CD73 on T cells: The new pillar of hematological malignancy.

Hematological malignancy develops and applies various mechanisms to induce immune escape, in part through an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Adenosine is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced at high levels within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Adenosine signaling through the A2A receptor expressed on immune cells, such as T cells, potently dampens immune responses. Extracellular adenosine generated by ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-1 (CD39) and ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) molecules is a newly recognized 'immune checkpoint mediator' and leads to the identification of immunosuppressive adenosine as an essential regulator in hematological malignancies. In this Review, we provide an overview of the detailed distribution and function of CD39 and CD73 ectoenzymes in the TME and the effects of CD39 and CD73 inhibition on preclinical hematological malignancy data, which provides insights into the potential clinical applications for immunotherapy.

The effects of combined high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation on upper extremity motor recovery following stroke.

Introduction: Upper limb motor impairments after stroke cause patients partial or total loss of the capability of performing daily living, working, and social activities, which significantly affects the quality of life (QoL) of patients and brings a heavy burden to their families and society. As a non-invasive neuromodulation technique, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can act not only on the cerebral cortex, but also on peripheral nerves, nerve roots, and muscle tissues. Previous studies have shown that magnetic stimulation on the cerebral cortex and peripheral tissues has a positive effect on the recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke, however, few studies have reported the combination of the two. Objective: This study was to investigate whether high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HF-rTMS) combined with cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation more effectively ameliorates upper limb motor function in stroke patients. We hypothesized that the combination of the two can achieve a synergistic effect and further promotes functional recovery. Methods: Sixty patients with stroke were randomly divided into four groups and received real or sham rTMS stimulation and cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation consecutively before other therapies, once daily over five fractions per week for a total of 15 times. We evaluated the upper limb motor function and activities of daily living of the patients at the time of pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 3-month follow up. Results: All patients completed study procedures without any adverse effects. The upper limb motor function and activities of daily living improved in patients of each group were improved after treatment (post 1) and 3 months after treatment (post 2). Combination treatment was significantly better than single treatments alone or sham. Conclusion: Both rTMS and cervical nerve root magnetic stimulation effectively promoted upper limb motor recovery in patients with stroke. The protocol combining the two is more beneficial for motor improvement and patients can easily tolerate it. Clinical trial registration: https://www.chictr.org.cn/, identifier ChiCTR2100048558.

TIGIT axis: novel immune checkpoints in anti-leukemia immunity.

Hematologic malignancy evades immune-mediated recognition through upregulating various checkpoint inhibitory receptors (IRs) on several types of lymphocytes. Immunotherapies targeting IRs have provided ample evidence supporting regulating innate and adaptive immunity and obtaining clinical benefits. Newly described IRs have received considerable attention and are under investigation in cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain is a novel inhibitory checkpoint receptor, and its immune checkpoint axis includes additional receptors such as CD96 and CD226, which are very promising targets. However, how the dynamics and functions of these receptor networks remain unknown, this review addresses the recent findings of the relevance of this complex receptor-ligand system and discusses their potential approaches in translating these preclinical findings into novel clinical agents in anti-leukemia immunotherapy.

Clinical and imaging predictors of dysphagia and swallowing ability recovery in acute ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: Dysphagia is one of the most common complications of acute ischemic stroke, and prediction of dysphagia is crucial for post-stroke treatment. We aimed to identify predictors of dysphagia and swallowing function recovery following ischemic stroke and to investigate dysphagia-associated lesion location. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke confirmed on diffusion-weighted imaging. All patients received swallowing evaluation within 48 h after admission. Follow-up oral intake ability was measured on 7 and 30 days after stroke onset. Voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping was performed to determine locations associated with dysphagia. RESULTS: Of 126 patients included in the final analysis, 23 patients (18.3%) were classified as initial dysphagia. The presence of facial palsy (P = 0.008) and larger white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume (P = 0.003) was associated with initial dysphagia. Initial risk of aspiration assessed by Any2 score (P = 0.001) at baseline was identified as independent predictor for dysphagia at day 7. Patients with higher Any2 score (P < 0.001), aphasia (P = 0.013), and larger WMH volume (P = 0.010) were less likely to have a full swallowing function recovery at 1 month. Acute infarcts in right corona radiata and right superior longitudinal fasciculus were correlated with impaired recovery of swallowing ability at 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Initial risk of aspiration was identified as risk factor for short-term and long-term dysphagia. Aphasia and larger WMH volume were revealed to be significant predictors for swallowing function recovery at 1 month. Right corona radiata was identified as an essential brain area for dysphagia.

Utilizing exosomes as sparking clinical biomarkers and therapeutic response in acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal tumor originating from immature myeloid hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow with rapid progression and poor prognosis. Therefore, an in-depth exploration of the pathogenesis of AML can provide new ideas for the treatment of AML. In recent years, it has been found that exosomes play an important role in the pathogenesis of AML. Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) that transfer signaling molecules and have attracted a large amount of attention, which are key mediators of intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles not only affect AML cells and normal hematopoietic cells but also have an impact on the bone marrow microenvironment and immune escape, thereby promoting the progression of AML and leading to refractory relapse. It is worth noting that exosomes and the various molecules they contain are expected to become the new markers for disease monitoring and prognosis of AML, and may also function as drug carriers and vaccines to enhance the treatment of leukemia. In this review, we mainly summarize to reveal the role of exosomes in AML pathogenesis, which helps us elucidate the application of exosomes in AML diagnosis and treatment.

[Validation the clinical value of good outcome following attempted resuscitation scores in Chinese populations in predicting the prognosis of in-hospital cardiac arrest].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the clinical value of the good outcome following attempted resuscitation (GO-FAR) score in predicting the neurological status of patients with in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) in the Chinese population. METHODS: The clinical data of patients with IHCA who were admitted to the Zigong Fourth People's Hospital from January 1 to December 31, 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Used Glasgow-Pittsburgh cerebral performance category (CPC) score 1 point as the end point, the subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the score: ≤ 0 group, 1-8 group, 9-20 group and ≥ 21 group. Taken the group which GO-FAR score ≤ 0 as the reference group, the odds ratio (OR) of the other three groups compared with this group was calculated. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was performed to evaluate the predictive value of the GO-FAR score in favorable neurological outcome. A calibration curve was drawn for the Hosmer-Lemeshow test to analyze the degree of calibration of the GO-FAR score for predicting good neurological outcome. RESULTS: A total of 230 IHCA patients were enrolled in the study, including 130 males, aged 74 (65, 81) years old, and 23 case (10.0%) had good neurological prognosis. There were statistically significant differences in GO-FAR-related variables, including age, a normal neurological function on admitted, acute stroke, metastatic cancer, septicemia, medical noncardiac admission, hepatic insufficiency, hypotension, renal insufficiency or dialysis, respiratory insufficiency, pneumonia, etc (all P < 0.05). Taken the GO-FAR score ≤ 0 group as the reference group, the OR values of good neurological prognosis in the GO-FAR score 1-8 group were 0.54 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.17-1.53, P = 0.250], 9-20 group were 0.17 (95%CI was 0.02-0.67, P = 0.009) and ≥ 21 group were 0.25 (95%CI was 0.05-0.85, P = 0.025). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the GO-FAR score for predicting favorable neurological outcome in IHCA patients was 0.653 (95%CI was 0.529-0.777, P = 0.015) and there was no significant difference in Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = 0.311). All these suggested that there was no significant difference between the predicted value and the actual value. CONCLUSIONS: GO-FAR score can be applied to predict neurological prognosis of IHCA patients in Chinese population. It can help clinicians to predict the prognosis of cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and propose critical recommendations in treatment for these patients or their families.

Tumor Apolipoprotein E is a key checkpoint blocking anti-tumor immunity in mouse melanoma.

Immunotherapy is a key modality in the treatment of cancer, but many tumors remain immune resistant. The classic mouse model of B16-F10 melanoma is immune resistant even in the face of checkpoint inhibition. Apolipoprotein E (apoE), a known immune suppressant is strikingly elevated in many human tumors, but its role in cancer immunology is not defined. We investigated the role of apoE in the immune micro-environment using a mouse melanoma model. We demonstrate that ApoE is -highly expressed in wild-type B16-F10 melanoma and serum levels progressively increase as tumors grow. The conditioned media from wild type ApoE secreting melanoma cells suppress T-cell activation in vitro while this suppressive effect is absent in conditioned media from ApoE knock out tumor cells. Mechanistically, apoE induces IL-10 secreting dendritic cells and stimulates T-cell apoptosis and arrest partially via the lrp8 receptor. Ablating ApoE in mice inoculated with tumor cells enabled tumor cell rejection and was associated with induction of immune pathway activation and immune cell infiltration. Tumor secreted apoE appears to be a potent immune cell checkpoint and targeting apoE is associated with enhanced tumor immunity in the mouse melanoma model.

Transcriptomic analysis and physiological characteristics of exogenous naphthylacetic acid application to regulate the healing process of oriental melon grafted onto squash.

The plant graft healing process is an intricate development influenced by numerous endogenous and environmental factors. This process involves the histological changes, physiological and biochemical reactions, signal transduction, and hormone exchanges in the grafting junction. Studies have shown that applying exogenous plant growth regulators can effectively promote the graft healing process and improve the quality of grafted plantlets. However, the physiological and molecular mechanism of graft healing formation remains unclear. In our present study, transcriptome changes in the melon and cucurbita genomes were analyzed between control and NAA treatment, and we provided the first view of complex networks to regulate graft healing under exogenous NAA application. The results showed that the exogenous NAA application could accelerate the graft healing process of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock through histological observation, increase the SOD, POD, PAL, and PPO activities during graft union development and enhance the contents of IAA, GA3, and ZR except for the IL stage. The DEGs were identified in the plant hormone signal-transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism through transcriptome analysis of CK vs. NAA at the IL, CA, and VB stage by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Moreover, the exogenous NAA application significantly promoted the expression of genes involved in the hormone signal-transduction pathway, ROS scavenging system, and vascular bundle formation.

Urbanization and Cognitive Function Among Middle-Aged and Old Adults in China.

OBJECTIVES: Our study examined the effect of urbanization on cognitive function and its possible pathways among Chinese middle-aged and older adults independent of the influence of health-selective migration. METHODS: Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we compared cognitive function among three groups (urbanized-rural residents, rural nonmigrants, and urban nonmigrants). Logistic regression and structural equation models were applied to explore the impact of urbanization on cognitive function and the potential mechanisms. RESULTS: Compared with the urbanized-rural group, urban nonmigrants had better cognitive function, with a significant coefficient of 1.56 (95% CI: 1.22, 1.89) for global cognition scores and 0.37 (95% CI: 0.22, 0.53) for episodic memory scores. The rural nonmigrants had the worst cognitive function (ß = -0.79, 95% CI: -1.04, -0.55) and lower scores of mental intactness (ß = -0.65, 95% CI: -0.84, -0.57) and episodic memory (ß = -0.14, 95% CI: -0.26, -0.03). The association between urbanization and cognitive function was mainly mediated by income and living conditions among middle-aged and older adults. DISCUSSION: Rural people who experienced planned urbanization in China had higher cognitive scores than rural non-migrants. Urbanization could thus have a beneficial and cumulative effect on cognitive function. Improvements in living conditions and changes in income are the main drivers behind the relationship. However, urbanization could compensate for the negative impact on cognitive function from disadvantaged early-life conditions, but it cannot completely eliminate the gap between urbanized-rural people and urban nonmigrants.